Oscar Wilde Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Oscar Wilde - Essay Example The main male characters reflected society as viewing the rich as being effeminate dilettantes. In today's society, the rich are not viewed in this same way. There was also some indication that the plays contained subversive homosexual codes, in that the main male characters were really gay, and Wilde couldn't show this because polite Victorian society would not have condoned it. It would be different in contemporary American society, as contemporary American society is much more accepting of homosexuality in general, therefore, if a playwright wants his character to be gay, he would just be gay. And there is also a portrayal of the hypocrisy of Victorian society – how the accepted mores of how things should be was in direct contradiction to how people actually behaved. This is similar to American society, where there is also hypocrisy. Thus, the plays of Oscar Wilde reflected Victorian society, and these same plays would mean something different to American society, because A merican society today is completely different from Victorian society during Wilde's time. Homosexuality Sinfield states that one of the hallmarks of Wilde's comedies is the effeminate man, and that, since Wilde was a known homosexual, this was his way of disguising the content – the content being homosexuality. He couldn't just write about gay men – he had to write about them in a subversive way. ... Algernon's Bunbury, like Jack's Ernest, was allegedly an invalid brother in bad health, who was in constant need of care. Sinfield states that Bunbury not only denotes that Algernon, and Jack for that matter, lived a double life, much like a homosexual, but also denotes homosexuality just by its name – Bunbury. Bunbury could have been British slang for a male prostitute, according to Sinfield (1), and others state that Bunbury could have also been used as slang for a homosexual pickup (2). Furthermore, Algy and Jack in The Importance of Being Earnest demonstrate their feminine qualities, according to Sinfield, by the fact that they are idle, do not care about moral conventions, exploit their romantic devotions to their women and make suggestions regarding future profligacy – such as when Algernon complains about how difficult it is doing nothing (Wilde, 683). Sinfield also states that the play Lady Windermere's Fan contained homosexual subversive messages. Sinfield stat es that Cecil Graham is a â€Å"dandy† in that play (3). This is shown through the language of Graham in the play – he refers to Mrs. Erlynne as being â€Å"handsome,† (Wilde, p. 487), and that he, Graham, was â€Å"one of her admirers† (487). Further, Sinfield states that when Graham was asked how long he could love a woman who didn't love him back, when his reply was â€Å"all my life,† this meant that Graham might â€Å"have a preference for relations that never get anywhere† (3). Sinfield further states that there are other effeminate characters in this play. Lord Augustus is one of them – Sinfield states that Lord Augustus is effeminate because he is flabby, other men make fun of him, he falls to easily for feminine charms, has been

The dimensions of the Decision-Making Processes Research Paper

The dimensions of the Decision-Making Processes - Research Paper Example One of the widely suggested approaches to effective organisation management is proficient leadership. Proficient leadership is particularly needed to deal with the decision-making process. This is in consideration to the fact that success relies on how smart the decisions are made. However, the decision-making process appears to be a complicated subject, considering the common blunders that are committed by the managers, the underlying factors and the imperatives of the process of making decisions. This paper aims at exploring the imperatives decision-making process in organization, including the factors that affect the decision-making processes. Literature perspectives about the decision-making process and organization Literature information regarding the decision-making process, it challenges, imperatives and dimensions is well documented. According to Schwartz (2013), what makes a manager worth is if he can make decisions that are sound. Schwartz (2013) argues that all the other r oles of managers or organization leaders are dependent on how the decision-making processes are executed. The roles of leaders are effectively elucidated based on principles of proficient management, as documented by Madura (2007). Here, proficient leaders are expected to execute a range of functions. These can be enlisted as controlling, organizing, leading, staffing and planning. Planning can be described as the process where mapping is done to achieve certain goals. In the case where the goals of the organizations are seeking sale improvement, the leaders are needed in devising decisive steps that would enable the organization realize these. Such decisive steps could include conducting recruitment or offering training to the teams responsible for sales and even increase advertisements. Such steps are what would be considered to add up to a plan that enables companies achieve success. After the plans have been executed, the leaders should go further in mobilizing the resources and necessary materials in accordance with the plans. Such a process is known as organizing. Essential to organizing is giving the authority for the activities to be carried out, and this includes making assignation of the tasks. In all these processes, it will always become necessary for them to conduct recruitment of additional employs or offer training to the existent employees, and this could be labelled as staffing. More often than not, this is often done by the departments of human resource. This also requires that proficient leadership is to be exercised. Leading is also pivotal in the sense that it is a process that involves making communications, offering encouragement, motivation and guidance to the team members so that the goals can be achieved. This role does not only require one to assist, but also coach and help with solving problems. Lastly, controlling is also another pivotal role. Leaders are required to monitor the results in a continuous fashion. They are also requir ed to implement various forms of correction that ensure the intended outcomes are achieved. There is further suggestion that every member on the management teams is to perform such functions, only that the time that is set aside for the execution of this may vary (Trompenaars 1993). While this point may serve to consider the managers and leaders as synonymous to perform