The Influence Of Postmodern Dance Essay

The Influence Of Postmodern Dance Essay Postmodernism was a late twentieth century development that restricted the Modernist distraction with virtue of structure and method, and intended to destroy the divisions between craftsmanship, mainstream society, and the media. Postmodern craftsmen utilized impacts from a variety of past developments, applying them to present day structures. Postmodernists grasped assorted variety and dismissed the qualification among high and low craftsmanship. Overlooking kind limits, the development energizes the blend of thoughts, medias, and structures to advance spoof, funniness, and incongruity. - began 1960s in a congregation - the word postmodern after present day procedures Graham n Isadora - influced by Cunningham n confine - ideal, proceeding onward today Where Modernists would in general put stock later on and dismiss the past, Postmodernists are increasingly skeptical and don't see the world fundamentally improving later on. 1960-1970s despite the fact that it was brief timeframe Postmodernist music incorporates Philip Glasss moderate works and John Cages communitarian exhibitions in which he included the crowd. sorts like expressive dance and innovation and grow new styles. The most celebrated of these pioneers was likely Anna Halprin, who put together her movement with respect to genuine encounters, not traditional works. Her gathering, the Dancers Workshop, generally maintained a strategic distance from customary strategy and frequently performed outside rather than on an ordinary stage. Another cutting edge move pioneer, Robert Dunn, accepted that the procedure of workmanship was more critical than the final result. Merce Cunningham explored different avenues regarding the connection among move and music and made movement that was inconsequential to the music it was joined by. What Followed Postmodernism? Postmodern move was a generally fleeting development, however it was a venturing stone to other masterful undertakings. Execution craftsmanship, a development highlighting showy occasions acknowledged through inexactly organized mixes of occasions, became out of the joint effort among move and other artistic expressions. Artists like Twyla Tharp put their own stamp on postmodern hypothesis and started an arrival to progressively organized movement, clearing a path for the contemporary move sort of today. Postmodern move is a twentieth century show move structure. A response to the compositional and introduction limitations of present day move, postmodern move hailed the utilization of ordinary development as legitimate execution workmanship and upheld novel techniques for move creation. Asserting that any development was move, and any individual was an artist (with or without preparing) early postmodern move was all the more firmly lined up with belief system of innovation instead of the structural, scholarly and plan developments of postmodernism. Be that as it may, the postmodern move development quickly created to grasp the belief system of postmodernism which was reflected in the wide assortment of move works rising up out of Judson Dance Theater, the home of postmodern dance.[citation needed] Enduring from the 1960s to the 1970s the central purpose of Postmodern move was generally brief yet its heritage lives on in contemporary move (a mix of innovation and postmodernism) and the ascent of postmodernist choreographic procedures that have delivered a wide scope of move works in differing styles. Postmodern craftsmanship is a term used to portray a workmanship development which was believed to be in inconsistency to some part of innovation, or to have risen or created in its repercussions. When all is said in done, developments, for example, Intermedia, Installation workmanship, Conceptual Art and Multimedia, especially including video are depicted as postmodern. The qualities related with the utilization of the term postmodern in workmanship incorporate bricolage, utilization of words unmistakably as the focal aesthetic component, collection, rearrangements, assignment, portrayal of purchaser or mainstream society and Performance craftsmanship.

Risk Managment full assingmetn free essay sample

Executing a Risk Management Plan is a difficult errand for the administration of associations everywhere throughout the world. This is going on in light of globalization, delimitation of monetary limits and the acts of neglect of administration picking up unmistakable quality in the organization of open just as private divisions. Associations everywhere throughout the world are confronting dangers concerning political vulnerability, shortage of fund and more extensive enhancement of business sectors. This is on the grounds that the associations need to extend and differentiate so as to accomplish high development rate. The goal of this paper is to investigates the hazard factors that these components present for Travco Travel Company (TTC), a private segment, firmly held organization with desires and potential to support development. TTC is an expertly overseen organization and its development has been exponential. The organization is a piece of a multi year old worldwide gathering, The Travco Group, headquartered in Egypt . The gathering offers travel benefits and has associated undertakings, for example, Cruise Liners, Luxury Coaches, Resorts and Luxury Hotels, spread over the Middle East and China. We will compose a custom paper test on Hazard Managment full assingmetn or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page TTC, having arrived at the peak of accomplishment in the Middle East is currently leaving on an excursion of financial attachment and the executives mix in the global field for growing its coordinated business exercises . This report has, after impressive thought, concentrated on three center regions of hazard which can be reason for potential monetary danger for TTC and The Travco Group, its parent bunch association and these are †Financial, Marketing and Political. The key danger scope has been broke down according to the rules set out in Risk Management-Principles and Guidelines of AS/ANZ ISO 31000:2009 and as characterized in The Risk Assessment Technique Standard of IEC/ISO 31010. The vital danger to Finance has been picked in light of the fact that the organization, which was built up in the year 1979, has still to merge its monetary roots for setting out on a worldwide development binge. The shows that the organization is proposing to venture into completely distanced areas, where it is yet to build up itself as a firm, incorporated and well-weave element. The Political factor depends on the way that its base nation, Egypt, is continually seeing political vulnerability and is accepted to get into flimsy monetary conditions in light of this political detachment, confusion and regulatory vacuum. The creator of this report has dynamically talked about the hierarchical needs of TTC for hazard the board, advancing towards the need to propose a made sure about, balanced procedure for planning a hazard the executives plan. The point is to at long last invoke a program that the organization can figure out how to have a powerful authority over its development plans while limiting danger possibilities over the entirety of its business streams. The ends showed up at through this report are neither thorough nor are intended to give any rules to TTC or so far as that is concerned some other organization. The perspectives communicated are the decisive perspectives on the creator, who is of the supposition such ends, can be viably utilized by organizations as methods for deflecting hazard dangers in their business adventures 2. Presentation Company Background Travco Travel Company of Egypt, this is the way the author Mr. Hamed El Chiaty initiated his first endeavor when he went into the movement administration business in 1979. The organization gradually yet consistently united its situation in Egypt and with partners spread across entire of Middle East, before long turned into the top organization in its field. It turned into a completely possessed auxiliary of The Travco Group and was renamed as Travco Travel. Its business advantages are spread across Travel Services; Management of Luxury Hotels and Resorts; Cruise Liners; Luxury Coaches; Conducting Corporate Tours all through the Middle East, Japan and Mainland China . The organization currently proposes to extend broadly in Asia and for that it is figuring a procedure to control the hazard factors which its development may need to look later on. The point of this report is to propose the organization a Risk Management Plan which it can embrace over all areas of its working parameters. Business Objectives An extending association, for example, Travco the need is to concentrate on budgetary, managerial and promoting arrangement matters. For such a powerful association, the assignment of picking an all around characterized chance administration plan is a major issue. The capability of the dangers it might need to confront while on the development binge can be inner just as outside. It is hard for the administration to make an appraisal of the dangers of the extension and to assess them before it starts the custom of another development is by and large an undertaking which should be investigated profoundly and cautiously. In spite of the fact that the administration can put forth attempts to comprehend inner, gadget approaches to direct and control them by defining rules, guidelines and arrangements, the outer hazard factors can't be surveyed as they are out of the company’s guidelines and strategies. In spite of the fact that, over all segments of business there are laws, gauges and guidelines which are forced by controlling specialists and affiliations, and still, at the end of the day circumstances do emerge which are hard to plan. Subsequently every supervisory crew needs to gain from its own understanding. Each association needs to try different things with its assets and produce best outcomes inside its own arrangement system. TTC Group has understanding, assets and its originator Mr. Hamed El Chiaty has experienced many high points and low points in these a long time since he shaped his first organization in Egypt . There are numerous regions in the everyday tasks of an organization where dangers are looked by the administration. Such hazard elements might be of least force or may accomplish perilous extents at the appointed time of time. It isn't generally feasible for the administration to anticipate these circumstances, however in the event that the administration has a decent, working danger the executives plan set up and it implements severe standards, it is feasible for the administration to keep the size of the hazard at the very least level. As we would like to think that a very much idea Risk Management Plan of an organization with dynamic reasoning will control ‘uncertainty’ and oversee ‘opportunity’ all the more adequately. Subsequent to completing broad research, the creator has derived that if the assets of an organization, for example, Travco travel are overseen successfully than a coordinated execution of its hazard the executives plan can make sweeping, positive and dependable outcomes for its monetary, human and social development. Having a comprehension of the business it is in is basic for the administration and similarly significant is to comprehend its afflictions, rivalry in the exchange. It is basically significant that the administration defines a hazard the executives plan in the wake of considering the ecological and social example of the nation where it expects to extend its activities. Research on Travco Group has demonstrated that the vision of its author to scan more up to date open doors for development and enhancement across Middle East and now in Asia has been intense, precise and very much determined . Business Strategy The organization has figured a very much inquired about business system for its broadening, extension and future development. Under the direction of its capable, experienced and dynamic director, Mr. Hamed,El Chety the gathering has attracted plans to receive the way of life of ‘Corporate Governance’ for its present and future activities. This will make the gathering mindful and capable to its inside just as outside partners. The gathering has obtained an expansive and thorough approach of hazard the board plan for all its gathering organizations, regardless of whether directly under its overlap, whether required to be procured, combined or glided as new pursuits, with or without the cooperation of its different partners, gave these end up being beneficial for its partners later on. The gathering has set up a solid base of social roots and is focused on its partners with a profound feeling of corporate obligation and a dedication towards better client relations. The gathering the board has a dynamic standpoint and is consistently keeping watch for more current roads of vertical development, both inside and outside the group’s hierarchical system. The administration is immovably of the conviction that putting resources into human force is similarly significant as putting resources into hardware for a continued all round development of the gathering organizations . Business Mission Multi-dimensional development, multi-administration decent variety and multi-social standpoint are the elements which the administration of the Travco Group are resolved to seek after for all its gathering organizations. The administration has imagined a dream for development and is being administered by a hazard the board approach which is development arranged and makes the gathering committed towards a protected future. The Group and its partner substances, regardless of whether related legitimately or by implication with the gathering, have a reasonable strategic ascent over their rivals; to face calculative money related challenge and to stay arranged for all projections. 3. Hazard the board glossary and terms Risk is characterized as the opportunity of something happening which can have negative or positive effect on the association. (Hazard Management Dictionary, 2010) Risk Assessment The recognizable proof, assessment, and estimation of the degree of hazard and dangers or their up-degree through a precise and commonsense methodology. (Hazard Management Dictionary, 2010) Risk Management The recognizable proof, examination, evaluation, oversee, and evasion, minimization the possibility of negative occasions or augmented the opportunity of positive occasions. (Hazard Management Dictionary, 2010) Risk Management Framework A lot of segments that help and proceed RM th

Iran-contra affair

Iran-contra affair Iran-contra affair, in U.S. history, secret arrangement in the 1980s to provide funds to the Nicaraguan contra rebels from profits gained by selling arms to Iran. The Iran-contra affair was the product of two separate initiatives during the administration of President Ronald Reagan . The first was a commitment to aid the contras who were conducting a guerrilla war against the Sandinista government of Nicaragua. The second was to placate moderates within the Iranian government in order to secure the release of American hostages held by pro-Iranian groups in Lebanon and to influence Iranian foreign policy in a pro-Western direction. Despite the strong opposition of the Reagan administration, the Democratic-controlled Congress enacted legislation, known as the Boland amendments, that prohibited the Defense Dept., the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), or any other government agency from providing military aid to the contras from Dec., 1983, to Sept., 1985. The Reagan administrati on circumvented these limitations by using the National Security Council (NSC), which was not explicitly covered by the law, to supervise covert military aid to the contras. Under Robert McFarlane (1983â€"85) and John Poindexter (1985â€"86) the NSC raised private and foreign funds for the contras. This operation was directed by NSC staffer Marine Lt. Col. Oliver North . McFarlane and North were also the central figures in the plan to secretly ship arms to Iran despite a U.S. trade and arms embargo. In early Nov., 1986, the scandal broke when reports in Lebanese newspapers forced the Reagan administration to disclose the arms deals. Poindexter resigned before the end of the month; North was fired. Select congressional committees held joint hearings, and in Dec., 1986, Lawrence E. Walsh was named as special prosecutor to investigate the affair. Higher administration officials, particularly Reagan, Vice President Bush , and William J. Casey (former director of the CIA, who died in May, 1987), were implicated in some testimony, but the extent of their involvement remained unclear. North said he believed Reagan was largely aware of the secret arrangement, and the independent prosecutor's report (1994) said that Reagan and Bush had some knowledge of the affair or its coverup. Reagan and Bush both claimed to have been uninformed about the details of the affair, and no evidence was found to link them to any crime. A presidential commission was critical of the NSC, while congressional hearings uncovered a web of official deception, mismanagement, and illegality. A number of criminal convictions resulted, including those of McFarlane, North, and Poindexter, but North's and Poindexter's were vacated on appeal because of immunity agreements with the Senate concerning their testimony. Former State Dept. and CIA officials pleaded guilty in 1991 to withholding information about the contra aid from Congress, and Caspar Weinberger, defense secretary under Reagan, was cha rged (1992) with the same offense. In 1992 then-president Bush pardoned Weinberger and other officials who had been indicted or convicted for withholding information on or obstructing investigation of the affair. The Iran-contra affair raised serious questions about the nature and scope of congressional oversight of foreign affairs and the limits of the executive branch. See B. Woodward, Veil (1987); T. Draper, A Very Thin Line (1991). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History

Theoretical Perspectives of Race and Ethnicity - 757 Words

Theoretical Perspectives of Race and Ethnicity Rebecca Spain ETH/125 April 4th, 2010 Melissa Terrell The three sociological theoretical perspectives of race and ethnicity are the functionalist, conflict, and labeling perspectives. The functionalist perspective is the perspective that shows how parts of society work in a structured manner to keep the survival of a society. The belief is that if a certain part does not contribute to society’s survival in an effective manner that it will not move form one generation to the next. (Schaefer, 2006). The conflict perspective is the perspective that society thrives on the conflict and struggles between social groups that compete against one another. The struggles and disputes mainly†¦show more content†¦(Schaefer, 2006). The minorities in the labeling perspective seem to be stereotyped and discriminated against. The dominant group has the upper hand and will persevere when conflict arises because of their social status, racial and ethnic group. These certain groups that are being discriminated against may lose out o n participating in certain events, activities, or jobs. These negative stereotypes can eventually lead to the social norm and can have a negativeShow MoreRelatedGender Stratification : The Classification Of People Based On Their Biological Features984 Words   |  4 Pagesat work that is needed to truly get ahead in the most competitive situations. Very few of us accurately describe the difference between ethnicity and race, simply because we define them as the same. While the meaning of both words can appear very similar, there are differences. Ethnicity is not just a person’s race. Ethnicity is about tradition, learned behavior and customs. 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However, sociology takes a different perspective and stresses that the problems of the individuals are problems that stem from the society itself. To better understand the social problems we shall examine some sociological concepts. Sociological Concepts Norm; this is a specific expectation ofRead MoreThe Theory Of The Age Stratification Theory Essay972 Words   |  4 Pages. So, when there is a dysfunction, the perspective proposes the correct these by the use of experts in planning and professionals. This theoretical perspective has many other theories which include, structural functionalism, modernization, disengagement, continuity, activity, life course, and age stratification. The functionalist perspective has some advantages. These perspectives have been used more often than any other perspectives in the study of aging. 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Learning about the different theoretical approaches helps a social worker to understand the importance of evidence based practice obtained through the scientific methodRead MoreSociological Theories Of Prejudice And Racism1645 Words   |  7 PagesSociological Theories of Prejudice and Racism Functionalist theory argues for race and ethnic relations to be functional and thus supply to the melodic conduct and strength of society, racial and ethnic minorities must assimilate into that society. Assimilation is a process by which a minority becomes socially, economically, and culturally absorbed within the dominant society. The assimilation perspective assumes that to become fully fledged members of society, alternative groups must adopt as muchRead MoreAnalysis of Oliviero Toscani’s â€Å"Tongues† Photo for United Colors of Benetton1362 Words   |  6 PagesTherefore, nowadays, the importance of vision is crucial to understanding, as we are surrounded by images at every step. In order to interpret the Benetton advertisement, some theoretical perspectives must be applied, because â€Å"facts are only facts in the context of some theory† (Barnard, 2001). Firstly, one of the theoretical frames that we believe is the most appropriate in this case is the one that considers the role of expression for understanding visual culture. This theory states that both the

Thomas W. Stewart, Inventor of the Wringing Mop

Thomas W. Stewart, an African-American inventor  from Kalamazoo, Michigan, patented a new type of mop (U.S. patent #499,402) on June 11, 1893. Thanks to his invention of a clamping device that could wring water out of the mop by using a  lever, floor cleaning was not nearly the chore it once was. Mops Through the Ages Throughout much of history, floors were made out of packed dirt or plaster. These were kept clean with simple brooms, made from straw, twigs, corn husks, or horse hair. But some kind of wet cleaning method was needed to care for  the slate, stone, or marble floors that were a feature of the homes of the aristocracy and, later, the middle classes. The word mop goes back probably as far as the late 15th century, when it was spelled mappe in Old English. These devices were likely nothing more than bundles of rags or coarse yarns attached to a long wooden pole. A Better Way Thomas W. Stewart, one of the first African-American inventors to be awarded a patent, lived his whole life trying to make peoples everyday lives easier. In order to save time and ensure a more healthy environment in the home, he came up with two improvements to the mop. He first designed a mop head that could be removed by unscrewing it from the base of the mop handle, allowing users to clean the head or discard it when it wore out. Next, he designed a lever attached to the mop head, which, when pulled, would wring water from the head without users getting their hands wet. Stewart described the mechanics in his abstract: 1. A  mop-stick, comprising a stick proper, provided with the T-head having the grooved ends, forming one portion of the clamp, the rod having a straight portion forming the other part of the clamp and from thence converging rearwardly to the sides of the stick, a lever to which the free ends of said rod are pivoted, a ring loose on the stick, to which the forked ends of the lever are pivoted, and a spring between said ring and the T-head; substantially as set forth. 2. The combination of a mopstick provided with a T-head, forming one part of the clamp, a moveable rod forming the other part of the clamp, a lever to which the free ends of said rod are pivoted, said lever being fulcrum-ed to a moveable support on the stick, and a spring exerting a resistance against the lever when the latter is thrown back; substantially as set forth. Other Inventions Stewart also co-invented with William Edward Johnson an improved station and street indicator in 1883. It was used with railways and cars on the street to signal what road or street the vehicles were crossing. Their indicator would automatically activate a signal by means of a lever on the side of the track. Four years later, Stewart invented an improved metal-bending machine that was able to oscillate.

Acids Free Essays

Acids are very corrosive substances that can break down materials easily. The higher acidity obtained by a substance, the faster it is able to decompose another material. In order to determine the acidity of certain substances, a pH scale is used. We will write a custom essay sample on Acids or any similar topic only for you Order Now On this scale, numbers one to fourteen are placed. Fourteen would represent an increased amount of alkalinity rather than acidity. Seven is a neutral zone, and one would be an increased amount of acidity rather than alkalinity (USGS, 2016). Figure 1 shows how the scale works and a select few substances that obtain different pH values. These values range from 14 to 1. The greater acidity of a substance, the more pernicious it is. The lower acidity of a substance, the less corrosive it becomes. In order to determine the perniciousness of a material, a pH scale is used. Testing strips help determine this. A pH testing strip is a piece of paper that is used to measure the molar concentration of hydrogen ions to determine the acidity or basicity of a substance (GSU, 2000). The use of pH testing strips supply plentiful information when trying to find the pH of a substance.Figure 1: Standard pH Scale (BIOL 1406)Soft DrinksStudies have provided information that many of commercially sold soft drinks in the United States are extremely corrosive with a pH of 4.0 or lower. The average dissolution of tooth structure begins at 4.0 (Zhejiang University, 2009). Thus stated, these soft drinks have a detrimentally high erosive potential and are able to cause dissolution. The soft drink Pepsi has a pH of 2.37. Orange Crush maintains a pH of 2.87. Dr. Pepper reveals a pH of 2.88. Country Time Lemonade shows a pH of 2.57, and Coca Cola contains a pH of 2.39 (Reddy, et. Al., 2015). Pepsi has the lowest pH of these select soft drinks, so it has the highest acidic level, whereas Dr. Pepper has the highest pH. Concluding this, Pepsi is the most corrosive substance, and Dr. Pepper is the least corrosive. Since the dissolution of calcium begins at 4.0, every soft drink used in this poll is of great detrimental damage. The erosive potential of each drink has a great effect on structures such as enamel. The fastest dissolution would begin with Pepsi, Coca Cola next, then Country Time lemonade. After lemonade, Orange Crush, and finally Dr.Pepper.Calcium And DissolutionCalcium is a mineral that supplies the main structure and hardness for bones and teeth. (Goldblatt, et. Al, 2016). It is also the backbone of eggshells, for the protective coating around the egg is made of calcium carbonate. The calcium differences between tooth enamel and eggshells are very closely related. They are not the same, but in comparison, their properties correspond very well. Enamel consist of minerals that help protect the tooth. This is the same for eggshells. Eggshells are a protective coating for the egg. Yet, while tooth enamel contains calcium phosphate, eggshells contain calcium carbonate (University of Illinois, 2016). Eggs appear to be the best direct comparison to find closely related results. If a soft drink can decompose an eggshell in a certain amount of time, it should likewise be the same for enamel, just a bit more complicated because of the excess mineral makeup that makes teeth a stronger substance. The calcium carbonate and the soda are the true reactions. It’s not so much the egg as a whole, or the soda as a whole, it is how they act amongst each other when combined. The acidic drink is eligible to break down calcium levels because of the reaction between the substances. Enamel begins to increasingly dissolute inversely to the increase of pH. As the pH lessens, the more dissolution is caused ( Larsen, 1999). Soda contains many different levels of sugary and acidic values that cause a much faster dissolution, and cause erosion. Using a demonstration of teeth submerged in an acidic liquid for a week is close to a life time span of drinking soda throughout several years. This is understandable because the structure is submerged inside the liquid at all times, not just frequent periods (Swains, 2007). How Dissolution in Enamel Works Because of the high phosphoric acid content in carbonated drinks, they are seemingly low on the pH Scale. Low pH levels are extremely acidic and remineralize particles in tooth enamel. Dissolution causes dental problems over time. Some of these painful diseases are caused by soft drinks. Some common issues seen amongst people that have a diet containing soda everyday are more susceptible to caries, osteoporosis, attrition, and abstraction(American Dental Association, 2000). The phosphoric acid and sugar compounds create a massive build up against bone structure. Although enamel is strong and sturdy, dissolution begins at surroundings of a 4.0 pH, so it doesn’t hold up forever. Carbonated drinks are said to be just as bad as non diluted vinegar, but because of all of the sugars and artificial flavoring, the drinks do not seem as bad. In fact, some carbonated drinks are of a lower pH than vinegar on the pH scale( Austin Community College). The initial purpose of this experiment was to enhance the knowledge of what drinks can decompose calcium the fastest due to specific levels of acidity.Discussion True dissolution did not seem to begin until after the first week. In comparison to a life span, one week is a reasonable amount of time before decay because 1 week is a regular sitting of soda over a 3 year time span. It is known that dissolution does not begin right away, more so it is the long term effects after something has been done repeatedly. (Swains, 2007) The eggshells had absorbed the colors of the drinks. This was very intricate because the soft drink seemed to appear disoluted, whereas the egg had pertained the saturation of color. In comparison, teeth absorb the color of drinks and stain after a while. Of course this is not shown right away, but as stated previously, the time frame in which the eggs soak is an approximation of almost thirteen years of drinking that drink regularly. This is a valid point as to why the egg had such a large discoloration; it was because it absorbed the color it was surrounded by (W3C, 2006). The acidic drinks used had a detrimental change on the eggshells. The mass of the eggs decreased sufficiently and distinctively. When touching the shell, it was fragile, and the drinks were so corrosive that the shell itself was stripping into thin sediment. Pieces of the shell were flaking off. Soft drinks have such a high phosphoric acid content which leads to extreme reductions of calcium. Reductions of calcium lead to weak and fragile structures. Pepsi Eggs that had been submerged in Pepsi were sticky and had a brown overtone to them. These eggs had gone through the most dissolution throughout the 4 week timespan. This makes sense when understanding that the most acidic substance used was Pepsi. Pepsi has a very low pH balance which causes such an extreme amount of dissolution. The more acidic a substance is, the more corrosive and efficient it is when eroding. With a pH of 2.37, it is easy to tell that the substance has a high acidic ranking which is a detrimate factor in erosion. The net total dissolution caused by the soft drink Pepsi was .847g. Pepsi is a Cola product so the assumption was that it would have taken a toll like Coca Cola did, but it turns out it was a lot harsher on the eggs than Coca Cola was. Frankly, It was approximately double the damage. The American Dental Association provides information on Cola products and the way they affect bone structure. Cola products are said to be a significant cause of damage to the bones which explains why the eggshell had dissoluted so quickly in Pepsi. But why not the same for Coca Cola too? This is where the phosphoric acid in Pepsi was higher than in Coca Cola. Pepsi had a lower pH, so it was more corrosive afterall ( American Dental Association, 2000). Orange Crush Eggs that were submerged in Orange Crush had many interesting effects to them. The most interesting was that the egg shell had gained the saturation of the drink whereas the drink diluted to almost a complete clear color. Although this occured, it did not have a great amount of dissolution as expected. Orange juice is very acidic, but because there was a use of mainly carbonated sodas, Orange Crush seemed like the next best comparison. There was not as much damage as expected after all with only .359g disoluted total. It is still a great amount of dissolution, but not as much as the Cola products and Country Time Lemonade. Orange Crush obtained the second lowest pH of all the substances( American Dental Association, 2000). Although the phosphoric acid was lower than most of the solutions, Dr. Pepper still had the lowest pH and phosphoric acid level of all. Nonetheless, Orange Crush still contains a low pH, phosphoric acid, and is eligible to be abrasive to structure. The acids present take on considerable influences of demineralizing and causing attrition in structures( Johansson, et Al. 2012). Dr. Pepper Eggs that were submerged in Dr. Pepper were sticky and obtained a similar brown color like the eggs submerged in Pepsi. The solution had made a sort of gooey protection around the egg much like Pepsi had. By the fourth week each egg was completely brown and the shell was softened making it substantially weaker than the first week. Although the shell was weak. Eggs submerged in Dr. Pepper had the least dissolution amongst every soft drink. Considering the pH of Dr. Pepper is the highest, at just 2.88,and it obtains the least acidic makeup; this is of validation. Although, Dr. Pepper contains a higher sugar concentration than most drinks. This partakes a great roll in the occurrence of dissolution too. Sugary drinks affect dissolution as much as acid concentration, so there was still a great potential of attrition to occur over the four week time period(Ophardt, 2003). When calculating the average dissolution amongst all of the soft drinks, Dr.Pepper did appear to have the lowest in dissolution. The net total was .243g. This is a smaller number compared to the rest of the soft drinks, yet nonetheless it is still an amount of dissolution. Concluding this, it is still a corrosive substance also. These acid and sugar contents are detrimental to structure(Thompson, 2016).Country Time Lemonade Eggs that were submerged in Country Time Lemonade contained a very gritty texture and the shell was flaking off into small pieces that were brittle and thin. The Country Time Lemonade had also bleached the eggshell. By the fourth week, the eggshells had been brightly shining as a pure white, whereas when the eggs first began they were dull and had very light grey spots in select places. Some pieces of the shells were gone and the inside was preserved like a coating of yolk that was rubbery. Although brittle and frail, the most dissolution was not caused by Country Time Lemonade. The net total dissolution had actually fallen directly in the middle of all soft drinks. The total abrasion of the eggs submerged in Country Time Lemonade amounted .369g. Although a smaller amount than Coca Cola and Pepsi, there was still a substantial amount of dissolution amongst these eggs over all( American Dental Association, 2000). One of the biggest factors that Country Time Lemonade is eligible to sustain such a great dissolution is because of the acid in lemons/ lemon juice and the amount of sugar added to this solution. As well as the low pH balance of 2.57. A considerable amount of dissolution occurs under these conditions(Ophardt, 2003). Coca ColaEggs submerged in Coca Cola had the second highest erosive potential amongst this set of carbonated drinks. Much like the ending results of Dr. Pepper and Pepsi, Coca Cola also had the same sticky coating around its shell and the discoloration of the egg was brown as well. The solution was gooey just as Dr. Pepper and had a very soft texture to it. The shell was mushy and turned very fragile over each week. By the fourth week, the eggs submerged in Coca Cola were just completely mushy and didn’t have stability to them at all, whatsoever. Cola products are severely detrimental to structures. They cause a critical dissolution amongst structures, in this case eggs. Coca Cola is said to be significant in causing bone damage. Coca Cola and Pepsi are both products of Cola, but Coca Cola had a lessened effect on the eggs. The phosphoric acid and sugar contents contained in the soft drink Coca Cola were less than in the solution, Pepsi. Through the comparison of Cola products, it was engrossing to see which would substance had the greatest effect. Originally, it was thought that Coca Cola would cause the most dissolution because it is such a strong acidic drink and had a high sugar content. Needless to say, this wasn’t the case, and Pepsi’s acidic content was higher; thus leading it to have a lower pH. Although Coca Cola did not have a significant amount of dissolution compared to Pepsi, it still ranked number two out of five. With a dissolution of .447g over the 24 day span, Coca Cola provided the second most decrease( American Dental Association). With a pH balance of and a high sugar content, Coca Cola was able to gain second, yet Pepsi still has Coca Cola beat.In conclusion, the carbonated drinks presented in this essay have provided a true presentation of how the dissolution of eggshells resemble the abfraction and attrition of tooth enamel( Fraunhofer, 2006).These drinks are hard on enamel. The effects stay for a lifetime, and can cause many problem areas. Carbonated drinks cause lesions, caries, and can even cause osteoporosis in actual bone structures by draining the calcium levels in your body. The effects of these soft drinks are not kind on the body. Consuming these acidic substances sets up a lifetime of problems that make you much more susceptible to enamel decay. It is okay to drink these drinks, but it is a must to do it in a moderate way. These substances contain such high acidic levels that cause demineralization in enamel. The phosphorus content of soft drinks can even limit the calcium absorption which can lead to bone loss due to diseases such as osteoporosis(American Dental Association). Some carbonated drinks affect erosion a lot less than others, but this does not add limitations; for these carbonated drinks are still detrimental to one’s health. Between soft drinks, Pepsi is definitely the most detrimental of all, and Dr. Pepper is the least detrimental. If carbonated soft drinks are a want, or need, this poll provides a considerate amount of information as to why Dr. Pepper would be the best option. It is still unhealthy and can cause erosion, but of the drinks, it seems to be the best option. Eggs provided a great substitute for teeth in this project. The two structures have so many common features that made it a lot easier to make a comparison. The limitations of calcium absorption played a huge part in creating this project(Texas University, 2016). The final data was fascinating to compare. The results were not the same as the hypothesis, but that made the final results the most riveting of all. How to cite Acids, Papers

Managing Human Resources Employees Motivation

Question: Discuss about theManaging Human Resourcesfor Employees Motivation. Answer: Introduction A companys overall success depends on employees motivation to work. An employee with the high level of motivation delivers high performance. Also, every worker wants their efforts to be recognised. Mc Donalds Corporation, which is recognised as largest fast food restaurant implements various strategies to motivate and retain its employees such as rewards and recognition scheme. In the context of the given case study, the essay discusses how the recognition scheme supports McDonald's culture and attracts future leaders. It also discusses the theories supporting this scheme. The essay further highlights that why this recognition scheme cannot be applied to the workers in the non-profit organisation. Mc Donald develops its future leaders with its strong culture. It has built a culture of focusing on people through recognition scheme. The high return on investment is due to its investment in people which is reflected in the high quality customer service, better run operations, cleanliness and quality product (Bartlomiejczuk, 2015). This culture is supported by the recognition scheme of McDonald. It is this power of recognition that helped the company to win outstanding achievers award at the corporate level. The company conducts formal annual events as well as develop programs that operate at both corporate and restaurant level. The company has the program for recognising its crew members for their best performance. The employees with significant contribution are nominated by the senior managers and are in turn approved by the senior management team. Employees are motivated by formally recognising them in from of their peers at the bi-annual staff meeting. The employees are awarde d gift voucher of $500 or are recognised as the employee of the month (Karin et al., 2014). Thus, this recognition scheme supports the companys strong recognition culture. This recognition scheme according to L?z?roiu (2015) is fresh and exciting. Introducing appealing schemes for employees the key to maximising the employee's motivation. Azeem (2016), stated that the employee of the month scheme introduce by McDonald into itsOlympic Champion Crew (OCC) initiative has won Most motivational benefits at the Employee Benefits Awards 2013. It can be argued that the recognition scheme is supporting the companys culture that is underpinned by strategies People, products, place, price and promotion. When the employees are appreciated they perform beyond what is expected of them and in turn becomes more productive. Consequently, it may decrease the staff turnover and increase their retention. This scheme attracts future leaders because the employees feel that their hard work is valued. Moreover, this tiny act does not cost huge but give lasting impact such as the increase in staff morale, loyalty, and build supportive work environment (Shields et al., 2015). B ased on the survey conducted on the managers of McDonald, it was found that most of them feel that there are favourable career opportunities and hence support the training and development programs. The culture in McDonalds is highly prevalent as an extrinsic element for creating the motivating work environment for the employees (Emerson Prang, 2016). Hence, such policies and scheme promote a strong team spirit which helps in attracting and maintaining a pool of potential leaders. However, there is also a flipside to this recognition scheme. According to Emerson and Prang (2016), there is a risk of allegation and favouritism when the management selects an employee for recognition. Azeem (2016), argued that this scheme may lead to fractions and discords within the workforce. It has negative implications if members of the same family work together in a company. That may lead to interpersonal conflicts breaking the company's strong culture. Further, by limiting the employee recognition to one occurrence per year may stifle the willingness of the employees to continuously strive for excellence. Also, the lack of funds may turn the employee recognition scheme unproductive. For example, an employee who has managed to increase the number of customer in the store and maximised the productivity does not deserve a simple computer generated the certificate or $500 which the employee end up spending too soon. Therefore, cash is not always the best idea. Instead, the recog nition program should be fair about the potential in each employee and must be based on the job duties. Bartlomiejczuk (2015), suggested team wise or group rewards are better than the individual rewards for building strong team spirit. Though the rewards scheme allows deciding the pay package for the employees, it is not prudent, and it should come during the performance review time else it may cause dissension among the employees. McDonalds recognition scheme can be supported by the Expectancy theory. According to Purvis et al. (2015), the expectancy theory or the process theory proposes that the work motivation depends on the association between the performance and the outcomes. An employee thus modifies his or her behaviour based on the anticipated outcomes circulated in the company. It means that if a person is performing to a particular level, it is because of the leaders in the workplace who has created motivational programs. According to the Expectancy theory, an individual is motivated due to three variables including "expectancy, instrumentality and valence" (Miner, 2015). Expectancy refers to the belief that performance will increase with increased effort. Instrumentality refers to the belief that valued outcome can be achieved by performing well. Valance refers to the value that individual places on the expected outcome (Bridger, 2014). Thus, if an employee is expecting and believes that his desires will be fulfilled in the form of reward, then it is sure to improve his motivation. Therefore, the expectancy theory is the foundation for the leaders to build the better understanding of ways to motivate the subordinates (Nadolny Ryan, 2015). Bartlomiejczuk (2015) argued that this theory is the process theory of motivation because it is due to the personal expectation that emphasises the staffs perception of the environment which consequently leads to subsequent interactions. An advantage of expectancy theory is that it is not about the self-interest in recognition and rewards rather about the associations made by the people towards expected outcome and the contributions they are willing to make towards that outcome. Therefore, this theory supports the recognition scheme of McDonalds. However, expectancy theory may not always support the recognition scheme. The theory assumes that it is the conscious choices among the alternatives with the purpose to minimise the pain and maximise the pleasure that gives rise to the particular behaviour (Povod et al., 2016). This assumption was argued by many authors. Since the theory works on perceptions, it may not imply for every individual. It is not necessary that every individual will perceive the benefits to be enough for their motivation (Bang et al., 2012). For example, if an individual places the high value on money, then it is highly likely that the individual is motivated by monetary benefits. In such case, offering any other rewards to that person may not motivate him or her. Therefore, other offers given during recognition such as additional holidays, $500 or just a trophy may not satisfy the individual. Some of the researchers have argued that monetary rewards may increase extrinsic motivation where rewards are cont rolled by the external source. However, it may decrease the intrinsic motivation which naturally flows from the interesting work itself. McDonalds recognition scheme can also be supported by Adams equity theory. According to this theory a fair balance should strike between the employee's input and output to enhance work motivation. Input refers to employees hard work, skills, efforts whereas output refers to rewards and recognition (Al-Zawahreh Al-Madi, 2012). An employee is motivated if efforts given in the work are justified through benefits given by McDonald's. However, it may not always happen in an organisation. The perception of the employee and the mangers may not be same. For example, If McDonalds offer $500 to an employee it may not be justified if the staff member has worked hard enough to be paid more than this amount. An employee maybe demotivated if his ratio of input and output is less than the ratio of other employees giving same effort. It may appear as unfair treatment of the workers and their efforts causing demotivation ad burnout. Thus, this theory of motivation is applicable if McDonalds emphasis es on fairness that is the ratio of input and output rather than just recognising the performance. The McDonalds approach to management of human resources may not be directly applicable to the not-for-profit organisations such as Spastic Centre. The primary challenge for the leaders and managers in not-for-profit organisations include raising financial resources (Bang et al., 2012). These organisations implement the range of tactics for fundraising. The workers in this sector compete with those in profitable organisations but with financial incentives constraints. These organisations, therefore, recruit individuals who are highly motivated and excel in their performance. The individuals recruited are high qualified and are not dependent on monetary benefits. Their motivation is thus based on nonmonetary and humane goals. In the non-profit organisation, Hackman and Oldhamsjob characteristics model is dominant (Akingbola, 2013). It means that a workers motivation for the job is higher if it includes responsibility for the outcome of work, job meaningfulness, andawareness. The main i ntrinsic motivation for the work is job meaningfulness. The leaders thus motivate the workers using tools such as confidence, autonomy, and achievement. This refers to McGregors motivationTheory Y (?ahin, 2012). This is in contradiction with the rewards and recognition scheme followed by McDonald's and is deemed necessary for employee motivation. In the non-profit organisation, employees are self-motivated thus an external source of motivation is not necessary when compared to employees in for-profit organisation. This also refers to the stewardship theory of unquantifiable intrinsic motivation (Miner, 2015). The culture in the non-profit organisation is prevalent as a concept of empathy and association. In these organisations, there exist a relationship of loyalty, integrity, morale, and aspirations. Thus, there is a difference in the approaches of human resource management of the profit and the non-profit organisation. The former uses the external source to motivate employees whereas the later uses tools to strengthen inner motivation to work. There is a difference in the attitude of the workers in both types of organisation. In the non-profit organisation, the workers have the high level of social commitment, and the motivation is rooted in their altruistic attitudes. This attitude stems from the value based perspectives (Park Word, 2012). Therefore, McDonalds approach to employee motivation cannot be directly applied here as it gives external rewards whereas the pattern of motivation in non-profit employees is different. They do not tend to deliver high performance or gain greater satisfaction when offered external rewards. For them, the mission is an incentive and the vision and values of the organisation itself influence the level of motivation among the non-profit employee s (Akingbola, 2013). Agency theory is applicable in some non-profit organisations. This theory focuses on the stakeholders of the organisation and their divergent goals and interests. These interests and goals are aligned using employee compensation. This theory is relevant in compensation design. This theory refers to a system in the organisation where one or more individuals called principals hire agents for performing certain tasks and delegating decision making authority (Bernstein et al., 2016). It is advantageous because it explains different level of obedience. It leads to Agentic state since the agents work more when the orders are given with more authority. Thus it causes an agent to sometime work against their will which may affect the motivation. However, some non-profit organisations are offering their agents an incentive contracts. The agents payment depends on the value of the outcome for the principal. The outcomes of the agents are measurable, quantifiable and observable. The incentive is designed by the principal if the agent exhibit loyalty and honesty at work which in turn motivate others agents, to tell the truth (Van et al., 2016). The research findings showed that employee motivation is an essential factor irrespective of the type of organisation. It can be concluded that though profit and non-profit organisations have distinctions, both sectors needs to emphasise on their service mission to attract and retain employees who value the unique rewards offered for working in these sectors. However, organisations like McDonald's need to devise ways to capitalise on the employees distinctive desire for advancement. On the other hand, the not-for-profit organisations must come up with creative ways to be flexible with volunteers motivation and their commitment. References Akingbola, K. (2013). A model of strategic nonprofit human resource management.Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations,24(1), 214-240. Al-Zawahreh, A., Al-Madi, F. (2012). The utility of equity theory in enhancing organizational effectiveness.European journal of economics, finance and administrative sciences,46, 158-170. Azeem, S. (2016). Drivers of Employee Motivation: Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction. 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